Pile warp letoff attachment for looms



May 11, 1954 Mac|NTYRE 2,678,068 FILE WARP LETOFF ATTACHMENT FOR LOOMSFiled Feb. 20, 1951 U41 {I 4g 1 56" 45 /5 5e 54 INVENTOR. .7619 1?. Maof 1/9 ATTORNEYS.

Patented May 11, 1954 PILE WARP LETOFF ATTACHMENT FOR LOOMS John A.MacIntyre, Barrington, R. I., assignor to partnership composed of nclWilliam H. Berger Application February 20, 1951, Serial No. 211,852

Ber-Mac Company,

John A. MacIntyre a 4 Claims.

This invention relates to a loom, more particularly to the production ofa pile fabric on a loom.

Heretofore in the production of pile fabric, it has been usual to employa so-called plush loom which is a relatively complicated loom and thusexpensive and is more difficult to operate.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a mechanism foraltering a simple, single shuttle loom so that pile fabric may be woventhereon.

More specifically, an object of the invention is to alter the so-calledDraper automatic or Crompton single shuttle looms so that pile fabricmay be formed on the loom.

Another object of the invention is to utilize a loom having a so-calledgem head and providing gearing to positively feed warp threads into theloom from this gem head.

Another object of the invention is to provide a positive feed for warpthreads to be used as pile from some part which rotates in time with theharness or shedding mechanism.

Another object of the invention is to provide a positive feed for warpthreads to be used as pile from some part which rotates in time with theharness or shedding mechanism and which feed may be reversed to withdrawthe warp threads when necessary.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certainnovel features of construction, as will be more fully described andparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view shown generally in elevationillustrating the loom operation which is the subject of this invention;

Figure 2 is a top plan view illustrating gearing which is utilized forconnecting a part of the gem head of the loom to a sand roll forpositively feeding the pile warp; and

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the pile warp as it isdisposed with relation to the filling picks for further illustration ofthis invention.

In proceeding with this invention, I equip a single shuttle loom withwires which are disposed warpwise of the fabric and which extend throughthe harness of the loom so as to be manipulated by these harnesses. Theshuttle passes either over or under these wires and these wires serve tolift the filling so as to dispose the warp threads in a loop forming apile either on one side or on both sides of the fabric, as occasion maydemand, and I additionally feed a friction roll about which the pilewarp is disposed from some part which rotates in time with the sheddingmechanism so that this pile warp may be drawn from a beam and moreeasily drawn into the fabric to be disposed in its raised or loopedposition.

The fabric which I am illustrating is shown diagrammatically in Figure 3where at I0 there is illustrated filling threads which are in the lineof the so-called ground fabric. These filling threads are woven withadditional warp threads (not shown) as well as being woven with pilewarp threads which are here illustrated at H and 12. The pile warpthread II is thus woven about the two filling threads lD-Hl' in theground of the fabric and is looped as at It over the filling thread I 5on the upper side of the ground fabric by reason of the wires in theloom being disposed beneath the filling thread l5 and raising thisfilling thread so as to draw the warp thread H in a loop as at M overthis raised filling thread. In the same way the filling thread I6 iscaused to form the loop I! by wires above the filling thread I 6 beingpressed downwardly so as to draw the loop I! from the warp about thisfilling thread.

In the diagrammatic showing of the loom in Figure 1, there are aplurality of harnesses designated generally 20. A fragmental portion ofthe lay is shown at 2! and the breast beam is shown at 22. The sheddingoccurs as shown at 23 and the different harnesses accommodate base orground warp threads 24 drawn from the beam 25, while warp threads 26 aredrawn from the beam 2'! about a friction or sand roll 28 and guided bypressure rolls 29 and 30 which are urged into engagement with the sand.roll by springs 3| and 32 which may be adjusted as to pressure. The warpthreads 26 are also tensioned about a floating or guide roll 33 which isdrawn by springs 34 to apply the desired tension. These warp threadspass about lease rods 35 as indicated. A plurality of wires aredesignated 36 and are supported at one end as at 31. These each passthrough a harness which serves to control the manipulation of the wires.These wires are added to the usual single shuttle loom as is also thefriction sand roll 28 and also a mechanism designated generally 40 andshown in Figure 2 which is utilized for driving the sand roll 28. Thetwo arches running parallel with the breast beam are designated 4| and42 in Figure 2 which serve to support a usual gem head (not shown) whichhas a harness chain sprocket 43 to operate the shedding mechanism. Ahand wheel 44 with handle 45 is on the shaft to which the chain sprocket43 is fixed by means of which the said sprocket may be turned backwardswhen the condition of loom operation requires such action, as resettingthe harness chain after a pick out or for reversing the feed of the sandroll to draw back the warp. I extend the shaft 45 by means of acoupling-41 as at 48 and take off from this shaft by means of bevelgears 49, i) and the train of gears 5|, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 56, allsuitably supported on shafts in bearings, motion for driving thefriction or sand roll 28. The sprocket 43 is in turn rotated step bystep in a well known manner by usual mechanism (not shown) to advancethe harness chain to operate the shedding mechanism. The rotation ofshaft 46 will through the gear train above described also rotate thesand roller 23 in astep by step fashion to positively advance the pilewarp threads in amounts to provide the necessary length to form theloops in the fabric.

By the use of the additional wires which are used in plush looms andthis gearing mechanism shown generally at til, I may adapt a singleshuttle loom into a form which may be utilized for weaving a pilefabric. In making the pile fabric shown in Figure 3, seven harnesses areemployed. The harnesses a and b are for the pile warp threads II and ittaken from the supply 21; harnesses c, d, and e are for the ground warpthreads as taken from the supply 25; and the harnesses f and g-are forthe wires 36. On the first pick of a repeat, the harness a is raised andthe remaining harnesses are lowered to form a shed in which only theloop warp threads 5 i are in the upper portion thereof. The fillingthread [5 by means of the usualshuttle (not shown) is passed through theshed and lays the said filling thread over the other warp threads and.the

wires. 7

On the second pick, the shedding mechanism will raise harnesses .c, d,and g and lower harnesses a, b, e, and j. The wire 3% raised by harnessg and which is associated with the pile warp threads 1 I will lift thestretch of the fillin thread 15 passed thereover on the said first pick,3

out of the plane of the ground fabric so was to draw in an additionalamount of the said pile warp threads H and dispose them in a loop form.Another stretch of filling thread IE will now be laid in the shed soformed.

On the third pick, harnesses a, b, e, and Q will. be raised andharnesses c, d, and will be in the lower position to form the shedthrough which a stretch of filling will be laid.

On the fourth pick, only harness 27 will be in c the lower position andthe other harnesses in the raised position, thus forming a shed in whichonly the loop warp threads !2 will be in the lower.

portion of the shed through which another stretch of filling thread willbe laid.

On the fifth pick, harnesses c, d, and 7 will be in the lower positionand the other harnesses in the raised position. The wire 36 associatedwith the pile warp thread [2 will be in the lower position and will havemoved the stretch of filling thread l5 laid in the next prior formedshed, out of the plane of the ground fabric so as to ,draw in anadditional amount of pile warp threads H! to dispose the same into loopform on the other side of the fabric from that in which the first loopwas formed.

On the sixth pick of the loom, harnesses a, b,

4 d, and 6 will be in the lower position and harnesses c, f, and g inthe raised position, thus forming a repeat of the said fabric shown inFigure 3.

After the fabric has been made and usually removed from the loom, thestretches of the filling thread raised out of the plane of the ground 7fabric on :both sides thereof, as above described, are removed by anyconvenient means, such as by cutting the same at one edge of the fabricand manually pulling the said stretch of the filling out from the otheredge.

ihe pile formed from the warps U will be in alternate arrangement to thepile formed from the warp [2 on the opposite side of the fabric. Thistype of fabric is very effective when made of mohair to serve as aninsulation for coats and the like.

I claim:

1. In a loom having harness shedding mechanism provided with .a harnesschain sprocket having a shaft extending therefrom the combinationtherewith of a friction feed roller about which a pile warp is disposed,and means including a gear train operated'from said shaft andtransmitting motion to said roller to feed the pile warp into :the shed.

2. In a single shuttle loom having harness shedding mechanism providedwith a harness chain sprocket having a shaft extending therefrom thecombination therewith of a friction feed roller about which a .pile warpis disposed, and a train of gears including a pair .of miter gearsoperated from said shaft and transmitting motion to said roller to feedthe pile warp into the shed.

3. In a loom having a harness shedding mechanism provided with a harnesschain sprocket having a shaft extending therefrom, the combinationtherewith of ,a friction feed roller about which a pile warp isdisposed, and a train of gears operatively connected to said sprocketshaft for transmitting motion therefrom to said roller to feed the pilewarp into the cloth, and a resiliently mounted roller over which saidpile warp passes from said feed .roller to the shed.

4. In a loom having a harness shedding mechanism provided with a harnesschain sprocket, the combination therewith of. a friction feed rollerabout which ,a pile warp is disposed, apressure roller on opposite sideof said feed roller and spring urged for movement towards said feedroller to provide opposite bites between said feed roller and pressurerollers for engaging the said warp, and a train of gears operativelyconnected to said sprocket for transmitting motion therefrom to saidfeedroller .to feed the pile warp into the shed.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 392,284 -Ott Nov. 6, 1888 1,116,411 Girard Nov. 10, 19141,322,715 Merrill Nov. 25, 1919 1,539,178 Giardino ;May26, 19251,795,744 Swearington Mar. 10, 1931 1,848,069 Wilson Mar. 1, 19321,949,579 Parker Mar. 6, 1934 2,250,833 .Hill j July 29, 1941'

